{"id":10521,"date":"2011-06-03T08:03:51","date_gmt":"2011-06-03T13:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/?p=10521"},"modified":"2014-05-22T13:33:24","modified_gmt":"2014-05-22T18:33:24","slug":"dismantling-the-trojan-horse-or-why-macguard-isnt-a-concern","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/10521-dismantling-the-trojan-horse-or-why-macguard-isnt-a-concern\/","title":{"rendered":"Dismantling the Trojan Horse (or why MacGuard isn&#8217;t a concern)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-10540\" title=\"Trojan-Horse\" src=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/Trojan-Horse.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/Trojan-Horse.png 300w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/Trojan-Horse-151x120.png 151w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/Trojan-Horse-284x226.png 284w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/Trojan-Horse-190x151.png 190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/Trojan-Horse-151x120@2x.png 302w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Aside from a couple of \u201cconceptual\u201d examples shown at conferences here and there, the only real piece of malware on the Mac that\u2019s made it \u201cinto the wild\u201d is the now infamous\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/support.apple.com\/kb\/ht4650\">MAC Defender<\/a> and its variants&#8230;.one of which, MacGuard, has <a href=\"http:\/\/www.macrumors.com\/2011\/06\/01\/new-variant-of-mac-defender-quickly-evades-apples-security-update-as-cat-and-mouse-game-begins\/\">recently made headlines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Naturally, the MacGuard topic has hit all the major tech news sites, igniting yet another round of \u201cMac vs. Windows\u201d flame wars. Ironically, all this attention is probably <em>helping <\/em>the malware\u2019s progress; I\u2019ll go into m0re detail on that in just a moment. First, I\u2019d like to clear something up.<\/p>\n<h2>MAC Defender and its variants are not viruses!<!--more--><\/h2>\n<p>To date, <strong>there are NO actual \u201cviruses\u201d out there for OS X. <\/strong>Like its biological namesake, a computer virus can be transmitted simply through exposure. If, however, you are immunized against it\u2014either through natural resistance or by getting immunized\u2014 then you don\u2019t get sick.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s the same way with computers. Web sites, emails and the like can be \u201cinfected\u201d with a particular virus, opening up your computer to infection as well. If you have a Windows box, you\u2019d better be up-to-date on your antivirus software (the \u201cflu shot\u201d) or your computer is going to contract that same virus. <strong>Macs, on the other hand, use a completely different code base, which is highly resistant to casual infection. <\/strong>They\u2019re like those kids from <a href=\"http:\/\/memory-alpha.org\/wiki\/Unnatural_Selection_(episode)\">that one episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation<\/a> that had enhanced immune systems, except your Mac isn\u2019t likely to prematurely age others to death&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>In short: <strong>there are no true \u201cviruses\u201d for the Mac.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>So what <em>are<\/em> MAC Defender and its variants?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>MAC Defender and its variants are \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trojan_horse_(computing)\">Trojan horses<\/a>,\u201d<\/strong> rather than true \u201cviruses.\u201d They owe more to \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_engineering_(security)\">social engineering<\/a>\u201d than to any technological prowess. <strong>The only way MAC Defender and\/or its variants\u00a0 can get on your system is if you <em>choose<\/em> to install it<\/strong>. The trick for the malware authors is to actually get the user to do so.<\/p>\n<p>So how <em>do<\/em> they do that? Trickery.<\/p>\n<p>And their target audience is made up of four groups:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The Conditioned.<\/strong> As the Mac platform has grown, there have been a lot of converts from the Windows side of things who are used to constant virus threats and having to keep antivirus software updated; for them, virus alerts and responses are nearly reflexive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Fearful.<\/strong> Users whose exposure to computer related topics is primarily gleaned from mainstream  news\u2014again, primarily Windows-centric; when they hear there&#8217;s a \u201cvirus\u201d  out, they grow fearful that something terrible is going to happen to  their computer.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Uninformed.<\/strong> Those that use (and think of) their Mac as an  appliance and pay no attention to computer related topics. So if a pop-up appears, they just click  it like they would a system or other software update.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Clickers.<\/strong> Those who are simply careless in what they install and from where; a window pops up and they click \u201cOK\u201d without bothering to look at what it says.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The scammers behind these pieces of malware prey on the aforementioned users\u2019 naivet\u00e9 and\/or laxity regarding their systems. They set up their site with information \u201cof interest\u201d to potential victims (often by \u201cpoisoning\u201d a Google search by including popular keywords), and code it so that once they\u2019re on the page for a certain amount of time, a window pops up that looks a lot like a Finder window, claiming that the computer is \u201cinfected.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>At this point, users usually do one of two things; they either close the browser window and move on, or they go all <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NO04VXBIS0M\">\u201cChicken Little\u201d<\/a> and start downloading utilities willy-nilly.<\/p>\n<p>And, of course, there <em>just so happens <\/em>to be a \u201cfix\u201d offered right there in the pop-up window, ready to be downloaded, installed and opened by the user.<\/p>\n<p>If <em>that<\/em> happens, the user&#8217;s Mac <em>does <\/em>have malware installed.<\/p>\n<p>As malware will do, it then starts causing the computer to open sites (often of an \u201cadult\u201d nature) at random times and spouts out \u201cwarnings\u201d that your computer is \u201cinfected.\u201d Of course, <em>conveniently enough<\/em>, that \u201canti-virus\u201d program has a fix; they just need a credit card number&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2>This isn\u2019t as bad as you think&#8230;<\/h2>\n<p>Apple has wisely avoided giving a lot of press to this issue. If they came out like the rest of the press is, then they\u2019d be just spreading the panic and, ironically,\u00a0cause <em>more <\/em>instances of this software being installed (<em>\u201cOh, I must have that virus Apple was talking about. Oh goody, these guys have a solution&#8230;\u201d<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>However, <strong>that doesn\u2019t mean Apple isn&#8217;t doing anything about it.<\/strong> Yesterday, there was <a href=\"http:\/\/support.apple.com\/kb\/DL1387\">a software patch released for OS X 10.6<\/a> that updates XProtect (an integrated part of 10.6) to check for MAC Defender, remove it if you\u2019ve got it already, and warn you if you try and open a downloaded version. Unfortunately, less than eight hours after Apple released this patch, newer variants that circumvent this detector, such as MacGuard, have been found. However, XProtect itself has been updated to check for new malware definitions daily; as soon as a new definition is put out, you\u2019ll get the update. It really is just a matter of time on that one, and Apple certainly has the potential to kick those definitions out faster, especially now that it\u2019s focusing on them.<\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, rather than relying on your computer to tell you a file is potentially dangerous, <strong>you just need to use a little common sense to protect yourself from malware like this.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Don\u2019t lose your head; use it.<\/h2>\n<p>If you\u2019re surfing along <strong>and a window pops up saying you have a virus and\/or you should install some program<\/strong> or another, ask yourself these four simple questions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Do I have antivirus software installed on my computer already and if so, is that what the warning looks like?<\/li>\n<li>Has my computer been exhibiting unusual behavior previous to this pop-up?<\/li>\n<li>Is this software being downloaded from a company I\u2019ve heard of before and trust?<\/li>\n<li>If the software installer is automatically running, did I intentionally launch that program from the Finder?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><em>If you answer \u201cNo\u201d to any of these questions, then do not install the software!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This malware, like many Trojan Horses, relies on the end user being fearful and\/or misinformed about Mac malware in order to ultimately profit from its sole purpose of getting that credit card payment. Don\u2019t give them anything to work with.<\/p>\n<p>Keep up on your Mac news from reliable sources like <a href=\"http:\/\/reviews.cnet.com\/macfixit\/\">MacFixit<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.appleinsider.com\/\">AppleInsider<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tuaw.com\/\">The Unofficial Apple Weblog<\/a>, and even here at the <a href=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/\">OWC Blog<\/a>. Learn about what\u2019s going on with the OS and what potential things to look out for.<\/p>\n<p>And, on the off-chance that you <em>do <\/em>come across one of these pieces of malware, just take a hint from the late <a href=\"http:\/\/www.douglasadams.com\/\">Douglas Adams<\/a> and \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don%27t_Panic_(The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy)#Don.27t_Panic\">DON&#8217;T PANIC<\/a>\u201d Keeping your head and thinking things through will help you a lot more than that offer for software that just happened to pop up&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aside from a couple of \u201cconceptual\u201d examples shown at conferences here and there, the only real piece of malware on the Mac that\u2019s made it \u201cinto the wild\u201d is the now infamous\u00a0MAC Defender and its variants&#8230;.one of which, MacGuard, has recently made headlines. Naturally, the MacGuard topic has hit all the major tech news sites, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":10540,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"class_list":["post-10521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech-tips"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.2 (Yoast SEO v20.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Dismantling the Trojan Horse<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aside from a couple of \u201cconceptual\u201d examples, the only real piece of malware that\u2019s made it \u201cinto the wild\u201d MACDefender and its variants.\" \/>\n<meta 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