{"id":51262,"date":"2019-08-06T08:00:01","date_gmt":"2019-08-06T13:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/?p=51262"},"modified":"2019-08-08T10:02:39","modified_gmt":"2019-08-08T15:02:39","slug":"mac-typing-tip-subscripts-superscripts-and-equations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/51262-mac-typing-tip-subscripts-superscripts-and-equations\/","title":{"rendered":"Mac Typing Tip: Subscripts, Superscripts, \u200band Equations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages.jpg\" alt=\"Math equations showing superscript and subscript examples in mac pages\" class=\"wp-image-51418\" width=\"600\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages-229x120.jpg 229w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages-284x149.jpg 284w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages-190x100.jpg 190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages-1100x580.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages-229x120@2x.jpg 458w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages-284x149@2x.jpg 568w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/sub_sup_pages-190x100@2x.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>I know all of you <g class=\"gr_ gr_7 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Punctuation replaceWithoutSep\" id=\"7\" data-gr-id=\"7\">students<\/g> out there are enjoying your summer <g class=\"gr_ gr_6 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar multiReplace\" id=\"6\" data-gr-id=\"6\">vacations<\/g>, but <g class=\"gr_ gr_5 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep\" id=\"5\" data-gr-id=\"5\">school<\/g> will soon be back in session. For those of you who are taking math or science classes, you might have wondered how you can type superscripts and subscripts on a Mac. What I mean is typing something like this (and we can&#8217;t do some of this within the blogging tool so I&#8217;ll insert a screenshot below):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.52.39-PM.png\" alt=\"Examples of superscripts and subscripts\" class=\"wp-image-51294\" width=\"444\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.52.39-PM.png 888w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.52.39-PM-284x90.png 284w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.52.39-PM-190x60.png 190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.52.39-PM-284x90@2x.png 568w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.52.39-PM-190x60@2x.png 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><figcaption>Examples of superscripts and subscripts<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>There are actually several different ways to do this, and in the interest of covering all of our bases, we&#8217;ll show you all of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The TextEdit Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The examples seen above were done in a little-used default Mac app, <strong>TextEdit<\/strong>. To try your hand at this, launch Applications &gt; TextEdit, create a new document by clicking the New Document button, and then make sure that TextEdit is in Rich Text mode. If the blank document has a ruler at the top of it, it&#8217;s a Rich Text document; if it doesn&#8217;t, it is a Plain Text document. What&#8217;s the difference? Rich Text allows more formatting of characters and the document as a whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In your Rich Text document, type the characters you wish to add the subscript or superscript to. As an example, let&#8217;s use the chemical formula for propane and type C3H8. Now, highlight the 3 by dragging your cursor over it, then select Format &gt; Font &gt; Baseline &gt; Subscript. Do the same for the 8. You should see something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.37.18-AM.png\" alt=\"The chemical formula for propane after subscripting the numbers\" class=\"wp-image-51265\" width=\"504\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.37.18-AM.png 1008w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.37.18-AM-271x120.png 271w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.37.18-AM-284x126.png 284w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.37.18-AM-190x84.png 190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.37.18-AM-271x120@2x.png 542w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.37.18-AM-284x126@2x.png 568w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.37.18-AM-190x84@2x.png 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><figcaption>The chemical formula for propane after subscripting the numbers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>While that&#8217;s better than just seeing C3H8, it&#8217;s still not formatted like you&#8217;d see it in a textbook \u2013 usually, the numbers indicating the number of atoms of a particular element are smaller than the letters for the element. To fix this, highlight the numbers one at a time and change the font size. The corrected formula should look something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.42.50-AM.png\" alt=\"The formula after changing the font size on the numbers\" class=\"wp-image-51267\" width=\"504\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.42.50-AM.png 1008w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.42.50-AM-271x120.png 271w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.42.50-AM-284x126.png 284w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.42.50-AM-190x84.png 190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.42.50-AM-271x120@2x.png 542w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.42.50-AM-284x126@2x.png 568w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-11.42.50-AM-190x84@2x.png 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><figcaption>The formula after changing the font size on the numbers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>That looks better. You may have to play with the font size to get things looking &#8220;right&#8221;; in this example, the letters were in 72 point text for legibility and the subscripts were 55 <g class=\"gr_ gr_4 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar multiReplace\" id=\"4\" data-gr-id=\"4\">point<\/g>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For superscripts, you use the same method, but select Format &gt; Font &gt; Baseline &gt; Superscript instead of subscript. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Pages Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There&#8217;s a handy app for typing mathematical equations or chemical formulae that is free to every Mac, iPhone and iPad owner &#8212; <strong>Pages<\/strong>. The method of applying superscripts and subscripts is similar to what we just did in TextEdit, but fortunately for us, Pages also resizes the superscripted or subscripted letter or number. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To apply superscript or subscript to a letter or number, highlight it in a Pages document, then select Format &gt; Font &gt; Baseline &gt; Superscript or Subscript. Pretty easy, and the formatted formula can be copied and pasted into most other rich text or HTML editors, including Apple Mail. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Need to get even more fancy with mathematical equations? Pages has a built-in <strong>Equation Editor<\/strong> that is invoked by selecting Insert &gt; Equation. For simple equations, just typing in something like x^2 + y^2 = z^2 (where the caret ( ^ ) symbol denotes taking a variable or constant to a power) produces a nicely formatted equation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.25.44-PM.png\" alt=\"An equation formatted in Pages Equation Editor\" class=\"wp-image-51284\" width=\"378\" height=\"97\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.25.44-PM.png 756w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.25.44-PM-284x73.png 284w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.25.44-PM-190x49.png 190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.25.44-PM-750x194.png 750w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.25.44-PM-284x73@2x.png 568w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.25.44-PM-190x49@2x.png 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\" \/><figcaption>An equation formatted in Pages Equation Editor<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If you know either the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LaTeX\">LaTeX<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MathML\">MathML<\/a> markup languages (they&#8217;re used to describe math notations), you can get quite fancy. For that very reason, if you find that you&#8217;ll need to create documents with complex equations, it&#8217;s a very good idea to learn either MathML or LaTeX. <a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-us\/HT202501\">Apple provides a helpful knowledge base article describing the use of Equation Editor and the two markup languages in iWork (Pages, Keynote and Numbers) and iBooks Author<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example of just how complex your equations can be. The LaTeX markup for the integral of e^x dx from -N to N is &#8220;\\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\\, dx&#8221;. Placing that into Equation Editor produces this rather elegant result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.36.57-PM.png\" alt=\"Equation Editor can handle integrals, matrices, and complex equations.\" class=\"wp-image-51285\" width=\"429\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.36.57-PM.png 572w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.36.57-PM-157x120.png 157w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.36.57-PM-284x217.png 284w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.36.57-PM-190x145.png 190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.36.57-PM-157x120@2x.png 314w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.36.57-PM-284x217@2x.png 568w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-1.36.57-PM-190x145@2x.png 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><figcaption>Equation Editor can handle integrals, matrices, and complex equations.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The best part of <g class=\"gr_ gr_8 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep\" id=\"8\" data-gr-id=\"8\">Equation<\/g> Editor? It&#8217;s available in the iOS versions of Pages, Keynote, <g class=\"gr_ gr_9 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep\" id=\"9\" data-gr-id=\"9\">and<\/g> Numbers as well. To add an equation to a document, just tap + at the top right of a document and select Equation. Need to edit an existing equation? Double-tap it to open the Equation Editor, then change the LaTeX or MathML to fit your needs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Character Viewer Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The last method of typing superscripts and subscripts uses the macOS <strong>Character Viewer<\/strong>. Not familiar with that utility? It&#8217;s available as &#8220;Show emoji and symbols&#8221; in the menu bar if you enable &#8220;Show keyboard and emoji viewers in menu bar&#8221; in System Preferences &gt; Keyboard, or you can take a shortcut and just type Command (\u2318) + Control + Space Bar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the Character Viewer appears and you want to type a superscript or subscript number (this does not work for letters), type &#8220;superscript&#8221; or &#8220;subscript&#8221; into the search field. What you&#8217;ll see are a number of characters that can be used as subscripts or superscripts. Double-click on the number you wish to use as a subscript or superscript, and it will be inserted at the cursor in the current document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.35.59-PM.png\" alt=\"Superscript numerals in Character Viewer\" class=\"wp-image-51289\" width=\"595\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.35.59-PM.png 1190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.35.59-PM-172x120.png 172w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.35.59-PM-284x199.png 284w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.35.59-PM-190x133.png 190w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.35.59-PM-172x120@2x.png 344w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.35.59-PM-284x199@2x.png 568w, https:\/\/eshop.macsales.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-01-at-3.35.59-PM-190x133@2x.png 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><figcaption>Superscript numerals in Character Viewer<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Since these are all standard Unicode characters and symbols, they can be used anywhere, even on blogs where you would not expect to see <strong>x\u00b3<\/strong> typed into a line of text. You can be fancy and text your friends that you&#8217;re drinking some <strong>H\u2082O<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ability to add superscripts, subscripts, <g class=\"gr_ gr_3 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep\" id=\"3\" data-gr-id=\"3\">and<\/g> equations to your documents may not make you a better mathematician or scientist, but your technical documents are going to look great.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I know all of you students out there are enjoying your summer vacations, but school will soon be back in session. For those of you who are taking math or science classes, you might have wondered how you can type superscripts and subscripts on a Mac. What I mean is typing something like this (and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":51410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"class_list":["post-51262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech-tips"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.2 (Yoast SEO v20.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mac Typing Tip: Subscripts, Superscripts, \u200band Equations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"School is starting soon, and for those of you who are taking math or science classes, you might want to how to type superscripts and subscripts on a Mac.\" \/>\n<meta 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